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In Tamil Nadu, the recommended time for applying NPK fertilizer to cotton crops is as follows: during the vegetative stage, apply NPK fertilizer 25-30 days after sowing with a ratio of 4:2:1 (N:P:K) to promote leafy growth. In the reproductive stage, apply NPK fertilizer 40-45 days after sowing with a ratio of 2:4:1 (N:P:K) to support flower and boll formation. For overall plant health and boll development, apply NPK fertilizer 60-65 days after sowing with a ratio of 2:1:2 (N:P:K). Additional NPK fertilizer may be applied during boll development if required. These recommendations serve as general guidelines, and consulting local agricultural experts or experienced farmers for site-specific advice is advisable.

Worms can adversely affect Brinjal cultivation in Tamil Nadu by damaging the roots, feeding on leaves, causing fruit damage, transmitting diseases, and weakening overall plant health. To mitigate these effects, farmers use strategies like chemical and biopesticides, crop rotation, resistant varieties, sanitation, and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. Early detection and regular monitoring are essential for effective control.

Crops in Tamil Nadu vary based on the seasons and months. In January, crops like paddy, sugarcane, groundnut, tomato, onion, and brinjal can be cultivated. February is suitable for maize, ragi, pulses, cabbage, cauliflower, and carrot. March sees the cultivation of banana, chilli, green gram, coriander, and spinach. April is the time for rice, millets, sesame, beetroot, radish, and beans. May offers the opportunity to grow sugarcane, paddy, turmeric, pumpkin, and bitter gourd. In June, groundnut, pulses, tomato, onion, and cucumber are cultivated. July brings millets, paddy, brinjal, capsicum, and drumstick. August is the season for ragi, maize, chilli, coriander, and snake gourd. September sees the cultivation of pulses, tomato, onion, pumpkin, and ridge gourd. October is suitable for paddy, banana, turmeric, cauliflower, and carrot. In November, crops like sugarcane, groundnut, beans, radish, and spinach thrive. December brings rice, millets, sesame, beetroot, and bitter gourd to be cultivated. It's important to consider local conditions and consult experts for precise cultivation practices.

Watermelon crops in Tamil Nadu are commonly affected by diseases such as anthracnose, fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, downy mildew, bacterial fruit blotch, and cucumber mosaic virus. These diseases can cause significant damage to the plants, leading to wilting, rotting, reduced yield, and poor fruit quality. Implementing integrated disease management practices, including crop hygiene, using resistant varieties, proper irrigation, and timely application of treatments, is essential to control and prevent these diseases. Early detection and intervention are crucial for minimizing the impact of diseases on watermelon crops in Tamil Nadu.

The best tomato varieties for cultivation in Tamil Nadu are CO-3, CO-4, Arka Rakshak, Arka Abha, and Pusa Ruby. The ideal seasons for growing tomatoes in Tamil Nadu are the rainy season (June to September) and the winter season (October to February).

Recommended brinjal varieties for cultivation in Tamil Nadu include Arka Navneet, Arka Keshav, Pusa Purple Cluster, Black Beauty, and Nadia. The best seasons for brinjal cultivation in Tamil Nadu are summer (February to May) and early monsoon (June to July).

Recommended chili varieties for cultivation in Tamil Nadu include Byadagi, Guntur Sannam, Kashmiri, Ellachipur Sannam, and Arka Lohit. The best season for chili cultivation in Tamil Nadu is generally during the winter months (October to February)

Rose plants are susceptible to aphid infestations due to factors such as their attractive sap, lack of natural defenses, high nitrogen content, flowering habit, warm and humid conditions, lack of natural predators, and monoculture practices. Preventive measures and control methods can help manage aphids on rose plants effectively.

In Tamil Nadu, popular papaya varieties include Red Lady, Pusa Delicious, Coorg Honeydew, Washington, and Solo Sunrise. The approximate duration from planting to harvest ranges from 7-10 months, depending on the variety.

In Tamil Nadu, various paddy (rice) varieties are grown with different durations from planting to harvest. Popular varieties include ADT 36 (140-145 days), ADT 39 (145-150 days), ADT 43 (140-145 days), ADT 45 (135-140 days), ADT 46 (135-140 days), TKM 13 (130-135 days), CO 43 (125-130 days), ASD 16 (120-125 days), CR 1009 (115-120 days), ADT 47 (110-115 days), CO 51 (105-110 days), and BPT 5204 (100-105 days). The durations can vary due to factors like weather, farming practices, and specific agro-ecological zones. Farmers choose these varieties based on factors such as adaptability, yield potential, and disease resistance.